photos by: Mike Lanzone and Robert Mulvihill
Powdermill's 3rd annual Bioforay, held from June 11th - June 16th this year, had record participation and was a great success. Over 30 expert biologists from Carnegie Museum, Western PA Conservancy, local universities and other organizations sampled two plots on Powdermill's Friedline fields; they were helped by more than 25 amateur/avocational naturalist participants, all with the purpose of documenting and eventually monitoring patterns of biodiversity of the flora and fauna in these areas. Experts studied a wide variety of taxonomic groups including herbaceous and woody plants, snails, spiders, butterflies and moths, mammals, birds, geology, salamanders, and snakes. |
All plots are permanently established so they can be revisited and re-examined to track patterns in ecological co-occurrences and environmental changes. Again, the two study plots this year were located at Powdermill's Friedline Fields, encompassing a diverse layout of habitats including open and old fields, forest edge, interior forest and a small section of Laurel Run (topo map of plot 1 below). Plot 1 was just under 34 hectares and Plot 2 was about 25 hectares. |
The goals
of Bioforay are to not only bring together scientists from the region and
amateur naturalists for a week full of educational experiences and opportunities,
but also to scientifically survey the plots and compile lists of species
and forms, measure their relative abundances, and geo-spatially reference
all data collected within the grid system on each plot.
Of particular interest to visitors of this website might be results of the bird sampling component. A total of 47 point counts was done throughout both plots (four runs at eight points on Plot 1; three runs at five points on Plot 2) on two mornings and intensive territory survey mapping was done on Plot 1. The results of the territory mapping have not yet been fully analyzed but there were 120 confirmations of territories for breeding birds on Plot 1 (territories were confirmed when a nest was found or fledglings were seen near a nest site). A couple noteworthy highlights from the territory mapping this year were the finding of three Golden-winged Warbler nests, two with recently fledged young, and a Grasshopper Sparrow nest on Plot 1. Five-minute point counts (number of birds of each species recorded inside and outside 50 m) were done at all primary plot points (denoted by stars in the map above). The table below gives the average total number (inside and outside 50m) of birds of each species detected at each point as a relative index of abundance for quick comparison across plots. 57 species were detected on both plots combined (53 on Plot 1 and 34 on Plot 2). Comparing across plots, the difference in habitat between Plots 1 and 2 is reflected in the point count results. All but one primary sampling point for Plot 2 was in field or old field habitat while Plot 2 was much more diverse and included field, old field edge, riparian, and woodland points. Red-eyed Vireo, a very common forest nesting songbird, was well represented in the point counts on Plot 1 and was, not surprisingly, the most abundant bird in Plot 1. Song Sparrow, however, a very common bird of old field habitats, was the most abundant bird in Plot 2. Eastern Meadowlark was only found on Plot 2, which has the most extensive tract of open grassland habitat, while forest nesting species such as the Hooded Warbler and Winter Wren, were only found on Plot 1. Again, the overall much higher species richness on Plot 1 reflects the greater diversity of habitats sampled there. While species abundance between the two plots was different, the plots were very similar in species composition. The top ten for both plots are dominated by, not surprisingly, birds characteristic of old field habitats such as Song Sparrow, Indigo Bunting, and American Goldfinch. Point count observers were Mike Lanzone, Robert Mulvihill, Miriam Sharick, Adrienne Leppold, and Jeanine Tardiff. The background image is a view of part of the field on Plot 1. <click here> to read about last year's Bioforay |
(see also text) |
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Species | Plot 1 | Species | Plot 2 |
Red-eyed Vireo | 2.16 | Song Sparrow | 2.20 |
Song Sparrow | 1.47 | Field Sparrow | 1.47 |
Eastern Towhee | 1.22 | Common Yellowthroat | 1.40 |
Common Yellowthroat | 1.16 | Indigo Bunting | 1.33 |
Scarlet Tanager | 1.00 | Eastern Towhee | 1.27 |
Indigo Bunting | 0.94 | Chestnut-sided Warbler | 1.13 |
Wood Thrush | 0.91 | Red-eyed Vireo | 1.13 |
American Goldfinch | 0.75 | American Goldfinch | 0.73 |
Gray Catbird | 0.75 | Willow Flycatcher | 0.53 |
Field Sparrow | 0.66 | Yellow Wabler | 0.53 |
American Redstart | 0.63 | Wood Thrush | 0.47 |
Cedar Waxwing | 0.63 | Gray Catbird | 0.40 |
American Robin | 0.53 | House Wren | 0.40 |
Red-winged Blackbird | 0.53 | American Robin | 0.33 |
Rose-breasted Grosbeak | 0.47 | Scarlet Tanager | 0.33 |
Chestnut-sided Warbler | 0.34 | Cedar Waxwing | 0.27 |
Northern Cardinal | 0.34 | Eastern Meadowlark | 0.27 |
Yellow-billed Cuckoo | 0.34 | Purple Finch | 0.27 |
Brown-headed Cowbird | 0.31 | Red-winged Blackbird | 0.27 |
Baltimore Oriole | 0.28 | Eastern Tufted Titmouse | 0.27 |
Eastern Wood-pewee | 0.25 | Common Grackle | 0.20 |
European Starling | 0.25 | American Redstart | 0.13 |
Hooded Wabler | 0.25 | Black-billed Cuckoo | 0.13 |
Acadian Flycatcher | 0.22 | Rose-breasted Grosbeak | 0.13 |
Eastern Tufted Titmouse | 0.40 | Barn Swallow | 0.07 |
Black-capped Chickadee | 0.16 | Black and White Warbler | 0.07 |
Chimney Swift | 0.16 | Brown Thrasher | 0.07 |
Golden-winged Warbler | 0.16 | Chipping Sparrow | 0.07 |
Mourning Dove | 0.16 | Downy Woodpecker | 0.07 |
Red-bellied Woodpecker | 0.16 | Eastern Phoebe | 0.07 |
American Crow | 0.13 | Killdeer | 0.07 |
Blue-headed Vireo | 0.13 | Northern Cardinal | 0.07 |
Chipping Sparrow | 0.13 | Ovenbird | 0.07 |
Grasshopper Sparrow | 0.13 | Red-bellied Woodpecker | 0.07 |
House Sparrow | 0.13 | Acadian Flycatcher | 0.00 |
Yellow Wabler | 0.13 | American Crow | 0.00 |
Barn Swallow | 0.09 | Baltimore Oriole | 0.00 |
Downy Woodpecker | 0.09 | Black-capped Chickadee | 0.00 |
Ruby-throated Hummingbird | 0.09 | Brown-headed Cowbird | 0.00 |
Black and White Warbler | 0.06 | Blue-headed Vireo | 0.00 |
Black-billed Cuckoo | 0.06 | Blue Jay | 0.00 |
Blue Jay | 0.06 | Chimney Swift | 0.00 |
Common Grackle | 0.06 | Eastern Wood-pewee | 0.00 |
White-eyed Vireo | 0.06 | European Starling | 0.00 |
Eastern Phoebe | 0.03 | Great-crested Flycatcher | 0.00 |
Great-crested Flycatcher | 0.03 | Grasshopper Sparrow | 0.00 |
Hairy Woodpecker | 0.03 | Golden-winged Warbler | 0.00 |
Killdeer | 0.03 | Hairy Woodpecker | 0.00 |
Norhtern Rough-winged Swallow | 0.03 | House Sparrow | 0.00 |
Ovenbird | 0.03 | Hooded Wabler | 0.00 |
Purple Finch | 0.03 | Mourning Dove | 0.00 |
Turkey Vulture | 0.03 | Norhtern Rough-winged Swallow | 0.00 |
Winter Wren | 0.03 | Ruby-throated Hummingbird | 0.00 |
Brown Thrasher | 0.00 | Turkey Vulture | 0.00 |
Eastern Meadowlark | 0.00 | White-eyed Vireo | 0.00 |
House Wren | 0.00 | Winter Wren | 0.00 |
Willow Flycatcher | 0.00 | Yellow-billed Cuckoo | 0.00 |
Last Updated on 06/25/04
By Adrienne J. Leppold